Cardiac pathology refers to diseases that affect the heart and compromise its structure or function. The main cardiac pathologies include heart failure, characterized by the heart's inability to pump blood adequately, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue; arrhythmias, which are changes in the rhythm of the heartbeat; heart valve diseases, which can cause stenosis or valve insufficiency; congenital heart disease, malformations present from birth; and myocarditis, inflammation of the heart muscle generally caused by infections or immune reactions. These conditions can present with a variety of symptoms, including chest pain, palpitations, edema and fatigue, and require specific diagnosis and treatment to avoid serious complications.
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